Technical Articles

This article focuses on the addition levels and ratio design of cytokines during the process of in vitro T cell activation, systematically elaborating the biological basis of the "dual-signal + cytokine" three-signal model, analyzing the synergistic mechanisms of three key components—anti-CD3 antibody, anti-CD28 antibody, and IL-2—in T cell activation, proliferation, and functional maintenance, and discussing the reference addition concentrations of each component and the value of their ratio logic in ensuring experimental reproducibility.