Technical Articles

This article systematically elucidates the dual mechanisms by which RSPO3, as a core member of the R-spondin family, regulates angiogenesis through both the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the non-canonical Gαi1/3-Akt-mTOR pathway, while analyzing its pivotal role in vascular development and pathological angiogenesis.

The RSPO3 protein is a member of the R-spondin protein family, which includes four members: RSPO1, RSPO2, RSPO3, and RSPO4. The RSPO3 protein consists of approximately 270 amino acids, has a molecular weight of about 30 kilodaltons, and is a secreted glycoprotein.

RSPO3 (R-spondin 3) protein is a potent secreted member of the R-spondin family, serving as a core co-activator and amplifier of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, playing a decisive role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and disease progression.