Technical Articles

TLR4 signaling branches at the TIR domain into MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways, driving NF-κB/MAPK and IRF3/interferon responses respectively. This review systematically covers pathway hierarchy, readout indicators and experimental consid

IL-17A is the most functionally critical member of the IL-17 family and serves as the core effector molecule in Th17 immune responses. Unlike its upstream regulatory factor IL-23, IL-17A directly acts on target tissues (such as skin keratinocytes, synovial fibroblasts, and intestinal epithelial cells), inducing the expression of chemokines, cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides, thereby driving neutrophil recruitment and tissue inflammation.