Technical Articles

This article focuses on the molecular characteristics and biological functions of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), systematically elaborating its key role as the core driver of macrophage differentiation in the in vitro induction of bone marrow-derived macrophages, analyzing the broad applications of M-CSF in frontier research fields such as hypoxic immunity, organ fibrosis, metabolic inflammation, biomaterial compatibility, and single-molecule imaging, and discussing the value of high-quality recombinant M-CSF protein in ensuring experimental reproducibility.