Technical Articles

This article systematically elucidates the molecular characteristics and cellular sources of IL-4 and IL-13 as core cytokines of type 2 immunity, analyzes their mechanisms of differentially activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway through type I and type II receptor complexes, explores their functional duality in allergic diseases, tissue remodeling, and anti-inflammatory regulation, and introduces their upregulated expression in the tumor microenvironment and their potential as targets for immunotherapy.

IL-13 protein is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted by various cells, including CD4-positive T cells, CD8-positive T cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and natural killer cells, with type 2 helper T cells being its primary source.

Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry skin, severe itching, and impaired epidermal barrier function.

Cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation is an important means of treating severe heart diseases, but surgical trauma and non-physiological perfusion during extracorporeal circulation often trigger significant systemic inflammatory responses.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an upper respiratory disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the sinus mucosa and the formation of polyps.