Technical Articles

This article focuses on the core cytokines required for organoid culture, systematically elaborating the biological basis of organoids as three-dimensional structures self-organized from organ-specific cell clusters derived from pluripotent stem cells, adult stem cells, and somatic cells. It analyzes the differential functions and synergistic effects of five core cytokines—Wnt-3a, RSPO1, Noggin, EGF, and bFGF—in organoid growth, proliferation, and maintenance, and explores the application strategies of these cytokines in different organoid culture systems.