Technical Articles

4-1BB (TNFRSF9, CD137) delivers co-stimulatory signals that sustain T-cell responses. This article covers co-stimulation mechanisms and applications of recombinant rat 4-1BB in immune studies.

As the core component of adaptive immunity, the transition of T cells from a quiescent state to a functionally activated state requires precise regulation by specific signals. This activation process constitutes a fundamental aspect of cellular immunology research and the development of immunotherapies.

B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), also known as TNFRSF17, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. It is mainly expressed on the surface of mature B lymphocytes and long-lived plasma cells, playing a key role in regulating B cell differentiation, survival, and antibody production.