Technical Articles

This article focuses on common issues in protein biotinylation, such as low labeling efficiency, decreased activity, and poor batch-to-batch stability. It systematically elaborates on the selection basis and applicable scenarios of four chemical routes: random amine coupling, cleavable type, Fc glycan-directed conjugation, and thiol-directed conjugation. It analyzes key operational parameters including molar ratio calculation for feeding, reaction condition control, and labeling degree quantification, and discusses functional validation strategies for biotinylated proteins in solid-phase and magnetic bead systems.